Grammar – Ch

Chá (Tioh) / Chá (chiū) / Chá (tō) - From long before / early on // will soon / will quickly 

Chá-bān – Sooner or later / eventually

Chài-saⁿ – Many times / time after time 

Chāi-lāi – Including / in

[Time] chêng / í-chêng – [Time] ago / [time] before

Chi gōa – Outside of …

Chi it – One of …

Chí-beh – Only have to / just by / only by [verb]-ing

Chí-hó – Have no alternative but to 

Chí-iàu…(lóng…) – As long as / provided that / only if // all / every / any 

Chí put kò … (niā-niā) – Only

Chí put kòe … (niā-niā) – Only

Chí sī – Only because 

Chí ū … chiah / Tioh … – Only if … / only when … / only … can …

Chì-u – As for … , with regard to …

Chiah -

1. Only then… / so that / only (under the aforementioned condition) will…

2. Just a short time ago  

Chiah koh lâi - And then / following that

Chiáng-ak tī … chhiú-thâu – In one’s grasp / in one’s hands

Chīn-kóan – No matter how…

Chiàu … lâi khòaⁿ- Looked at from …

Chiong

Chiong…[verb] chò… – Consider…as… / [verb] as …

Chiông …kàu… – From [time] to [time] 

Chit chām – Lately / these days 

Chi̍t hong-bīn A, chi̍t hong-bīn B – Doing A concurrently with B / On the one hand A, on the other hand B 

Chi̍t khai-sí – At first / from the first / from the start 

Chi̍t pái koh chi̍t pái – Repeatedly / over and over again

Chi̍t [verb] … tioh … – As soon as / immediately / right after… / whenever 

Chiū – Regarding [a certain topic] 

Chiū [topic] lâi kóng – As far as [topic] is concerned / in regard to [topic] 

Chiū sī…iā / mā… – Even if; even in the case of…

Chiū sǹg (sī)…mā / iā … – Even if, even though

[Verb] chò / chòe… – See as / treat as / read as, et cetera

Chò / Chòe lí… – Feel free to / don’t hesitate to / just go ahead and / it’s up to you

Chò ūi – As / in the capacity of / be /act as 

Chō-sêng … ê gôan-in – The cause of … 

Chóng–sī – However / in the end / all things considered 

Chū…í lâi - From (time) / ever since (time) 

Chū án-ne – Thereupon / whereupon / accordingly / consequently 

Chū-chá – From before / for a while now

Chū-chiông…í lâi – From (time) / ever since (time)

Chū … kàu … – From [time] to [time]

Chún-kóng – Even if / even though

Chá (tio̍̍h) / Chá (chiū) / Chá (tō)

From long before; early on; will soon; will quickly

 

Kàu hit sî-chun, góa kut-thâu chá tio̍h phah kó· ah.

By that time I’ll be long dead.

 

Gôan-lâi K-tóng chá tō í-keng kā lán kóng: Tâi-ôan m̄ sī Tiong-kok!

Hasn’t the KMT all along been saying to us: Taiwan isn’t China!

 

Pak-hân án-ne chi̍t pái koh chi̍t pái sú-iōng phái-pō, Bí-kok chá tio̍h kám-kak o̍ah beh tòng bōe tiâu.

If North Korea keeps pulling the same old tricks over and over, the US will soon grow impatient.

Chá-bān

Sooner or later; eventually

 

Lín hôaiⁿ-tit chá-bān ē kiat-hun, koaⁿ-kín kiat kiat leh!

You’re going to get married sooner or later anyway, so just get married already!

 

Lí hôaiⁿ-tit chá-bān lóng ài kā gún kóng, li kui-khì kā gún kóng kóng leh.

You’re going to have to tell us sooner or later, so you might as well go ahead and tell us.

Chài-saⁿ

Many times; time after time

 

Keng-kòe chài-saⁿ ê khó-lū, góa koat-tēng chham-ka.

After thinking it over a number of times, I decided to attend.

 

I kiaⁿ thâu-ke-niû ū phî-khì, m̄ kán chài-saⁿ lâi the-sî.

She’s afraid of the boss’s temper, and doesn’t dare refuse to do it again.

Chāi-lāi

Including; in 

 

I piáu-sī i ē koh khah ló-le̍k, hō· chôan sè-kài “pau-koat Bī-kok peng-iú chāi-lāi” se̍k-sāi lán siōng bí-lō, úi-tāi ê Kok-ka Tâi-ôan.

He said that he would work even harder to familiarize the whole world, “our American friends included,” with our beautiful and great country, Taiwan.

 

Pau-koat Tâi-pak-kōan chāi-lāi, Tâi-pak îⁿ-khôan ê jîn-kháu chîaⁿ chi̍t-chheng bān.

Including Taipei County, the population of the greater Taipei area is almost 10 million.

[Time] chêng / í-chêng

[Time] ago; [time] before

Related: í-chêng

 

Góa sī n̄ng nî chêng lâi Tâi-ôan ê.

I came to Taiwan two years ago.

 

Góa sè-hàn sî-chūn o̍h Hoat-gí, it-ti̍t kàu cha̍p tang chêng tāi-ha̍k pit-gia̍p.

When I was young I studied French, all the way up until I graduated from college 10 years ago.

Chi gōa

Outside of

 

I ko-siaⁿ ê soan-pò· Tiâ-ôan sī chú-khôan to̍k-li̍p tī Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok chi gōa ê kok-ka.

He loudly proclaimed that Taiwan is a sovereign, independent country not part of the People’s Republic of China.

… Chi it

One of …

 

A-chiu sī sè-kài gō· tōa chiu chi it.

Asia is one of the world’s five big continents.

 

Bí-chiu ê gôan-chū-bîn lóng sī lán ê chó͘·-sian chi it.

The American continent’s aboriginal people are one of our ancestors.

Chí-beh

Only have to; just by; only by [verb]-ing

Related (and more common): chí-iàu

 

Chí-beh khéng phah-piàⁿ, mā ē chhut-thâu-thiⁿ.

If you are only willing to work hard, you will become successful.

 

Tāi-sêng Hu̍t-kàu chông-pài hu̍t-siōng, jīn-ûi bô-it-tēng ài chhut-ke, chí-beh sim-lāi ū hu̍t, chóng-ū 1-kang kāng-khóan mā-ē chiâⁿ-chòe hu̍t.

In Mahayana Buddhism there is worship of statues of the Buddha, as well as the belief that a person doesn’t necessarily have to leave his family (and join a monastary), but only needs to have the Buddha in his heart, and there will come a day when he will in the same way become a Buddha.

http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%CC%8Dt-k%C3%A0u

Chí-hó

Have no alternative but to

Related: Kan-na ē-sái; kan-taⁿ ē-sái

 

Tāi-ke lóng hóan-tùi, i chí-hó chhú-siau gôan-lâi ê kè-ōe.

Everyone was opposed, so he had to cancel his original plans.

 

Kàu-ūi, tiān-iáⁿ-īⁿ í-keng lâng chhà lang, chí-hó kiâⁿ khì siōng thâu-chêng.

When I got there, the movie theatre was already very crowded, and I had to go up to the very front.